Forward-looking information
This Form 10-Q may contain certain forward-looking information within the meaning of the federal securities laws. The forward-looking information may include, among other information, (i) statements concerning our outlook for the future, (ii) statements of belief, anticipation or expectation, (iii) future plans, strategies or anticipated events, and (iv) similar information and statements concerning matters that are not historical facts. Such forward-looking information is subject to known and unknown variables, uncertainties, contingencies and risks that may cause actual events or results to differ materially from our expectations. Such known and unknown variables, uncertainties, contingencies and risks (collectively, "factors") may also adversely affectOptical Cable Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company" or "OCC®"), the Company's future results of operations and future financial condition, and/or the future equity value of the Company. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences from our expectations or that could adversely affect the Company include, but are not limited to: the level of sales to key customers, including distributors; timing of certain projects and purchases by key customers; the economic conditions affecting network service providers; corporate and/or government spending on information technology; actions by competitors; fluctuations in the price of raw materials (including optical fiber, copper, gold and other precious metals, plastics and other materials); fluctuations in transportation costs; our dependence on customized equipment for the manufacture of certain of our products in certain production facilities; our ability to protect our proprietary manufacturing technology; market conditions influencing prices or pricing in one or more of the markets in which we participate, including the impact of increased competition; our dependence on a limited number of suppliers for certain product components; the loss of or conflict with one or more key suppliers or customers; an adverse outcome in any litigation, claims and other actions, and potential litigation, claims and other actions against us; an adverse outcome in any regulatory reviews and audits and potential regulatory reviews and audits; adverse changes in state tax laws and/or positions taken by state taxing authorities affecting us; technological changes and introductions of new competing products; changes in end-user preferences for competing technologies relative to our product offering; economic conditions that affect the telecommunications sector, the data communications sector, certain technology sectors and/or certain industry market sectors (for example, mining, oil & gas, military, and wireless carrier industry market sectors); economic conditions that affectU.S. -based manufacturers; economic conditions or changes in relative currency strengths (for example, the strengthening of theU.S. dollar relative to certain foreign currencies) and import and/or export tariffs imposed by theU.S. and other countries that affect certain geographic markets, industry market sector, and/or the economy as a whole; inflation and the ability to recover cost increases; changes in demand for our products from certain competitors for which we provide private label connectivity products; changes in the mix of products sold during any given period (due to, among other things, seasonality or varying strength or weaknesses in particular markets in which we participate) which may impact gross profits and gross profit margins or net sales; variations in orders and production volumes of hybrid cables (fiber and copper) with high copper content, which tend to have lower gross profit margins; significant variations in sales resulting from: (i) high volatility within various geographic markets, within targeted markets and industries, for certain types of products, and/or with certain customers (whether related to the market generally or to specific customers' business in particular), (ii) timing of large sales orders, and (iii) high sales concentration among a limited number of customers in certain markets, particularly the wireless carrier market; terrorist attacks or acts of war, any current or potential future military conflicts, and acts of civil unrest; cold wars and economic sanctions as a result of these activities; changes in the level of spending bythe United States government, including, but not limited to military spending; ability to recruit and retain key personnel; poor labor relations; increasing labor costs; delays, extended lead times and/or changes in availability of needed raw materials, equipment and/or supplies; shipping and other logistics challenges; impact of inflation or hyperinflation on costs, including raw materials and labor, and ability to pass along any increased costs to customers; impact of rising interest rates increasing the cost of capital; impact of cybersecurity risks and incidents and the related actual or potential costs and consequences of such risks and incidents, including costs to limit such risks; the impact of data privacy laws and the General Data Protection Regulation and the related actual or potential costs and consequences; the impact of changes in accounting policies and related costs of compliance, including changes by theSecurities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), thePublic Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB"), theFinancial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), and/or theInternational Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"); our ability to continue to successfully comply with, and the cost of compliance with, the provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or any revisions to that act which apply to us; the impact of changes and potential changes in federal laws and regulations adversely affecting our business and/or which result in increases in our direct and indirect costs, including our direct and indirect costs of compliance with such laws and regulations; rising healthcare costs; impact of new or changed government laws and regulations on healthcare costs; the impact of changes in state or federal tax laws and regulations increasing our costs and/or impacting the net return to investors owning our shares; any changes in the status of our compliance with covenants with our lenders; our continued ability to maintain and/or secure future debt financing and/or equity financing to adequately finance our ongoing operations; changes in interest rates; the impact of future consolidation among competitors and/or among customers adversely affecting our position with our customers and/or our market position; actions by customers adversely affecting us in reaction to the expansion of our product offering in any manner, including, but not limited to, by offering products that compete with our customers, and/or by entering into alliances with, making investments in or with, and/or acquiring parties that compete with and/or have conflicts with our customers; voluntary or involuntary delisting of the Company's common stock from any exchange on which it is traded; the deregistration by the Company fromSEC reporting requirements as a result of the small number of holders of the Company's common stock; adverse reactions by customers, vendors or other service providers to unsolicited proposals regarding the ownership or management of the Company; the additional costs of considering, responding to and possibly defending our position on unsolicited proposals regarding the ownership or management of the Company; direct and indirect impacts of weather, natural disasters and/or epidemic, pandemic or endemic diseases (such as COVID-19) in the areas of the world in which we operate, market our products and/or acquire raw materials including impacts on supply chains, labor constraints impacting our production volumes and costs; any present or future government mandates, travel restrictions, shutdowns or other regulations regarding any epidemic, pandemic or endemic diseases; an increase in the number of shares of the Company's common stock issued and outstanding; economic downturns generally and/or in one or more of the markets in which we operate; changes in market demand, exchange rates, productivity, market dynamics, market confidence, macroeconomic and/or other economic conditions in the areas of the world in which we operate and market our products; and our success in managing the risks involved in the foregoing. 16
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We caution readers that the foregoing list of important factors is not exclusive. In addition, we incorporate by reference factors included in current reports on Form 8K and/or our other materials.
Dollar amounts presented in the following discussion have been rounded to the nearest hundred thousand, except in the case of amounts less than one million and except in the case of the table set forth in the "Results of Operations" section, the amounts in which both cases have been rounded to the nearest thousand.
Overview of the effects of COVID-19
The direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have materially adversely impacted global economic conditions. Although there has been a trend in increasing availability of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as an easing of restrictions on social, business, travel and government activities and functions, there continue to be uncertainties regarding the future direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. These uncertainties include, but are not limited to, potential fluctuations in infection rates, changes in federal, state and local government regulations, supply chain disruptions, labor availability challenges, increased costs, and economic contractions in various markets. 17
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During the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, OCC continued to see its sales, production volume, and sales order backlog/forward load increase. Sales order backlog/forward load continues to be higher than typical levels and product demand is robust. At the same time, we continue to experience supply chain challenges (including availability of materials, increased lead times, and increased costs) for certain raw materials. While recently improving, we also continue to experience challenges recruiting additional personnel. These challenges have resulted in longer lead times for certain products as sales order backlog/forward load has grown, and has impacted shipped product volumes and sales. The OCC team has taken steps to successfully mitigate (to a certain extent) the impacts of these challenges; however, at this time we believe these challenges will continue. Each of our three facilities have been open and operating since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. OCC's workforce was classified a "Defense Industrial Base Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce" under guidelines from theU.S. Department of Defense and an "Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce" under guidelines by theU.S. Department of Homeland Security ,Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). We continue to see positive indicators of future strengthening in many of our markets. We also continue to see increases in our sales order backlog/forward load and drawdowns of finished goods inventories to fill incoming orders. We believe that we will continue to benefit from improvement in our markets during the remainder of fiscal year 2022; however, we cannot fully anticipate or reasonably estimate the continuing direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic on our various markets and customers, including impacts from emerging variants of COVID-19 in our various markets. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly and indirectly affect OCC in the future will depend on ongoing developments, which are subject to uncertainty, including, but not limited to: supply chain and labor constraints impacting our production volumes and costs; the continued recovery of certain of OCC's markets; any resurgence of the virus (including its variant strains); the degree of immunity provided by any current or future vaccines and boosters; any government mandates, travel restrictions, shutdowns or other regulations related to COVID-19 impacting the markets in which we operate, market our products and/or acquire materials; as well as a variety of other unknowable factors. We cannot fully anticipate or reasonably estimate all the ways in which the current global health crisis and its direct and indirect effects could adversely impact our business in the future.
General view of
Optical Cable Corporation (or OCC®) is a leading manufacturer of a broad range of fiber optic and copper data communication cabling and connectivity solutions primarily for the enterprise market and various harsh environment and specialty markets (collectively, the non-carrier markets), and also the wireless carrier market, offering integrated suites of high quality products which operate as a system solution or seamlessly integrate with other providers' offerings. Our product offerings include designs for uses ranging from enterprise network, data center, residential, campus and Passive Optical LAN ("POL") installations to customized products for specialty applications and harsh environments, including military, industrial, mining, petrochemical and broadcast applications, as well as the wireless carrier market. Our products include fiber optic and copper cabling, hybrid cabling (which includes fiber optic and copper elements in a single cable), fiber optic and copper connectors, specialty fiber optic, copper and hybrid connectors, fiber optic and copper patch cords, pre-terminated fiber optic and copper cable assemblies, racks, cabinets, datacom enclosures, patch panels, face plates, multimedia boxes, fiber optic reels and accessories and other cable and connectivity management accessories, and are designed to meet the most demanding needs of end-users, delivering a high degree of reliability and outstanding performance characteristics. 18
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OCC® is internationally recognized for pioneering the design and production of fiber optic cables for the most demanding military field applications, as well as of fiber optic cables suitable for both indoor and outdoor use, and creating a broad product offering built on the evolution of these fundamental technologies. OCC is also internationally recognized for pioneering the development of innovative copper connectivity technology and designs used to meet industry copper connectivity data communications standards. Founded in 1983,Optical Cable Corporation is headquartered inRoanoke, Virginia with offices, manufacturing and warehouse facilities located inRoanoke, Virginia , nearAsheville, North Carolina , and nearDallas, Texas . We primarily manufacture our fiber optic cables at ourRoanoke facility which is ISO 9001:2015 registered and MIL-STD-790G certified, primarily manufacture our enterprise connectivity products at ourAsheville facility which is ISO 9001:2015 registered, and primarily manufacture our harsh environment and specialty connectivity products at ourDallas facility which is ISO 9001:2015 registered and MIL-STD-790G certified. OCC designs, develops and manufactures fiber optic and hybrid cables for a broad range of enterprise, harsh environment, wireless carrier and other specialty markets and applications. We refer to these products as our fiber optic cable offering. OCC designs, develops and manufactures fiber and copper connectivity products for the enterprise market, including a broad range of enterprise and residential applications. We refer to these products as our enterprise connectivity product offering. OCC designs, develops and manufactures a broad range of specialty fiber optic connectors and connectivity solutions principally for use in military, harsh environment and other specialty applications. We refer to these products as our harsh environment and specialty connectivity product offering. We market and sell the products manufactured at ourDallas facility through our wholly owned subsidiaryApplied Optical Systems, Inc. ("AOS") under the namesOptical Cable Corporation and OCC® by the efforts of our integrated OCC sales team. The OCC team seeks to provide top-tier communication solutions by bundling all of our fiber optic and copper data communication product offerings into systems that are best suited for individual data communication needs and application requirements of our customers and the end-users of our systems.
Wholly owned subsidiary of OCC
Optical Cable Corporation™, OCC®, Procyon®, Superior Modular Products™, SMP Data Communications™, Applied Optical Systems™, Centric Solutions™ and associated logos are trademarks ofOptical Cable Corporation .
Summary of business performance for the second quarter of fiscal 2022
? Consolidated net sales for the second quarter of fiscal 2022 are up
9.3% at
year. Sequentially, net sales increased 19.1% in the second quarter of the fiscal year
year 2022, compared to net sales of
fiscal year 2022.
? The order book/load ahead continues to be higher than usual levels
and product demand is robust. Supply chain and labor constraints impact
production volumes and costs.
? Gross margin increased by 4.4% for
year 2022, compared to
2021. Sequentially, gross profit increased 24.4% in the second quarter of
financial year 2022, compared to a gross margin of
quarter of fiscal year 2022.
? Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of net sales) was 29.3%
in the second quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to 30.6% for the
second quarter of fiscal year 2021. 19
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? SG&A expenses increased to
year 2022 compared to
2021.
? The net loss was
year 2022, compared to the net result of
comparable period last year with a
("ERTC") reflected as income in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021.
? From
received the full amount of the ERTC receivable inMay 2022 . Results of Operations We sell our products internationally and domestically to our customers which include major distributors, various regional and smaller distributors, original equipment manufacturers and value-added resellers. All of our sales to customers outside ofthe United States are denominated inU.S. dollars. We can experience fluctuations in the percentage of net sales to customers outside ofthe United States and inthe United States from period to period based on the timing of large orders, coupled with the impact of increases and decreases in sales to customers in various regions of the world. Sales outside of theU.S. can also be impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rate of theU.S. dollar compared to other currencies. Net sales consist of gross sales of products by the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis less discounts, refunds and returns. Revenue is recognized at the time product is transferred to the customer (including distributors) at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for the product. Our customers generally do not have the right of return unless a product is defective or damaged and is within the parameters of the product warranty in effect for the sale. Cost of goods sold consists of the cost of materials, product warranty costs and compensation costs, and overhead and other costs related to our manufacturing operations. The largest percentage of costs included in cost of goods sold is attributable to costs of materials. Our gross profit margin percentages are heavily dependent upon product mix on a quarterly basis and may vary based on changes in product mix. To the extent not impacted by product mix, gross profit margins tend to be higher when we achieve higher net sales levels, as certain fixed manufacturing costs are spread over higher sales. Hybrid cables (containing fiber and copper) with higher copper content tend to have lower gross profit margins. Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A expenses") consist of the compensation costs for sales and marketing personnel, shipping costs, trade show expenses, customer support expenses, travel expenses, advertising, bad debt expense, the compensation costs for administration and management personnel, legal, accounting, advisory and professional fees, costs incurred to settle litigation or claims and other actions against us, and other costs associated with our operations.
Royalty income (expense), net, includes royalty income earned on licenses associated with our patented products, net of related royalties and expenses.
Amortization of intangible assets consists of the amortization of the costs, including legal fees, associated with internally developed patents that have been granted. Amortization of intangible assets is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the intangible assets.
Other income (expense), net, includes interest expense and other miscellaneous income and expense items not directly attributable to our operations.
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The following table sets forth and highlights fluctuations in selected line items from our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended April 30, Percent April 30, Percent 2022 2021 Change 2022 2021 Change Net sales$ 17,201,000 $ 15,741,000 9.3 %$ 31,641,000 $ 27,618,000 14.6 % Gross profit 5,033,000 4,819,000 4.4 % 9,079,000 7,129,000 27.4 % SG&A expenses 5,036,000 4,590,000 9.7 % 9,817,000 8,898,000 10.3 % Net income (loss) (228,000 ) 3,385,000 (106.7 )% (1,164,000 ) 1,244,000 (193.6 )%
Three months completed
Net Sales Consolidated net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 increased 9.3% to$17.2 million , compared to net sales of$15.7 million for the same period last year. We experienced an increase in net sales in both our enterprise and specialty markets, including the wireless carrier market, in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to the same period last year. Net sales to customers inthe United States increased 19.5%, while net sales to customers outside ofthe United States decreased 28.3% in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to the same period last year. We can experience fluctuations in sales from quarter to quarter in the various markets in which we operate for various reasons. The decrease in net sales to customers outside ofthe United States during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 compared to the same period last year was the result of certain specific larger projects for end-users outside ofthe United States being sold to customers inthe United States for value-added processing during the second quarter. Sequentially, consolidated net sales increased 19.1% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to net sales of$14.4 million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. Our sales order backlog/forward load continues to be higher than typical levels and product demand is robust with demand for our products increasing during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. Production volumes were tempered (which impacted net sales) during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 by supply chain and labor constraints. At this time, we believe labor constraints are beginning to show signs of easing as we enter the third quarter of fiscal year 2022. We believe continuing direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have created challenges that are hampering production volumes and sales despite increasing demand. These include supply chain challenges (availability, increased lead times and increased costs) for certain raw materials, challenges recruiting additional personnel to increase production volumes, and other cost increases. We believe we have taken appropriate actions to mitigate the impact of these challenges, as well as necessarily implemented prospective price increases on new sales orders for many of our products. We also believe that we will continue to see a trend of improving demand for our products. To the extent the direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers, suppliers, workforce and end-users decline, we expect net sales to further increase. We are continuing to see some positive indicators of future strengthening in our markets and believe we will continue to benefit from improvement in our markets during the remaining six months of fiscal year 2022; however, such anticipated improvements could be negatively impacted by direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and macroeconomic and geopolitical risks. Gross Profit Our gross profit was$5.0 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, an increase of 4.4% compared to gross profit of$4.8 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. Sequentially, gross profit increased 24.4% in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to gross profit of$4.0 million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. 21
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Gross profit margin, or gross profit as a percentage of net sales, was 29.3% in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 compared to 30.6% in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. The lower gross profit margin in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 when compared to the same period last year was primarily due to the impact of rapid inflation causing increases in costs of raw materials for sales orders accepted prior to raw material cost increases. Our gross profit margins tend to be higher when we achieve higher net sales levels due to our operating leverage as certain fixed manufacturing costs are spread over higher sales, which we believe partially offset the impact of raw material cost increases during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. Our gross profit margin percentages are also heavily dependent upon product mix on a quarterly basis and may vary based on changes in product mix.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
SG&A expenses increased to$5.0 million during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to$4.6 million for the same period last year. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales were 29.3% in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to 29.2% in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. The increase in SG&A expenses during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 compared to the same period last year was primarily the result of increases in employee and contracted sales personnel related costs totaling$229,000 . Included in employee and contracted sales personnel related costs are compensation costs which increased primarily due to commissions which increased due to the increase in commissionable sales during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, new hires (net of terminations), and increases in compensation expense (including increases in response to changing labor market conditions), when compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. Also contributing to the increase in SG&A expenses during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 were increases in travel expenses, increases in shipping costs, and increases in marketing expenses. Both travel and marketing expenses increased due to the resumption of business travel during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 post-COVID-19 restrictions, when compared to the same period last year.
Royalty revenue (expense), net
We recognized royalty expense, net of royalty income, totaling$7,000 during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 compared to royalty income, net of royalty and related expenses totaling$43,000 during the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. Royalty expense and/or income may fluctuate based on sales of related licensed products and estimates of amounts for non-licensed product sales, if any.
Amortization of intangible assets
We recognized
during the second quarter of fiscal 2021.
Other Income (Expense), Net We recognized other expense, net in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 of$212,000 , compared to other income, net of$3.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. Other expense, net for the fiscal quarter endedApril 30, 2022 is comprised primarily of interest expense together with other miscellaneous items. The change in other expense, net during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 was primarily due to the ERTC recognized as other income in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, we qualified for a refundable payroll tax credit totaling$3.4 million that did not recur in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. 22
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The ERTC, created in theMarch 2020 CARES Act and then subsequently amended by the Consolidated Appropriation Act ("CAA") of 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act ("ARPA") of 2021 and theInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ("IIJA") of 2021, is a refundable payroll credit for qualifying businesses keeping employees on their payroll during the COVID-19 pandemic. Under CAA, ARPA and IIJA amendments, employers can claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of social security tax equal to 70% of the qualified wages (including certain health care expenses) paid to employees afterDecember 31, 2020 throughSeptember 30, 2021 . Qualified wages were limited to$10,000 per employee per calendar quarter in 2021 so the maximum ERTC available was$7,000 per employee per calendar quarter. OCC is an eligible small employer under the gross receipts decline test when comparing the first calendar quarter of 2021 to the same quarter in calendar year 2019, which qualified the Company to claim ERTC in both the first and second calendar quarters of 2021 under the amended ERTC program.
Profit (loss) before income taxes
We reported a loss before income taxes of$233,000 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to income before income taxes of$3.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. The change was primarily due to the ERTC of$3.4 million recognized during the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 that did not recur in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, and the increase in SG&A expenses of$447,000 , partially offset by the increase in gross profit of$214,000 . Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income tax benefit totaled$5,000 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to income tax expense of$7,000 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. Our effective tax rate was 2.2% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 and less than one percent for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. Fluctuations in our effective tax rates are primarily due to permanent differences inU.S. GAAP and tax accounting for various tax deductions and benefits, but can also be significantly different from the statutory tax rate when income or loss before taxes is at a level such that permanent differences inU.S. GAAP and tax accounting treatment have a disproportional impact on the projected effective tax rate. We previously established a valuation allowance against all of our net deferred tax assets. As a result of establishing a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets, if we generate sufficient taxable income in subsequent periods to realize a portion or all of our net deferred tax assets, our effective income tax rate could be unusually low due to the tax benefit attributable to the necessary decrease in our valuation allowance. Further, if we generate losses before taxes in subsequent periods, our effective income tax rate could also be unusually low as any increase in our net deferred tax asset from such a net operating loss for tax purposes would be offset by a corresponding increase to our valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets. If we generate sufficient income before taxes in subsequent periods such thatU.S. GAAP would permit us to conclude that the removal of any valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset is appropriate, then during the period in which such determination is made, we will recognize the non-cash benefit of such removal of the valuation allowance in income tax expense on our consolidated statement of operations, which will increase net income and will also increase the net deferred tax asset on our consolidated balance sheet. If we do not generate sufficient income before taxes in subsequent periods such thatU.S. GAAP would permit us to conclude that the reduction or removal of any valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset is appropriate, then no such non-cash benefit would be realized. There can be no assurance regarding any future realization of the benefit by us of all or part of our net deferred tax assets. As ofOctober 31, 2021 , the valuation allowance against our total gross deferred tax assets totaled$4.3 million . 23
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Table of Contents Net Loss Net loss for the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 was$228,000 compared to net income$3.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. This change was primarily due to the decrease in income before income taxes of$3.6 million .
Semester completed
Net Sales Consolidated net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2022 were$31.6 million , an increase of 14.6% compared to net sales of$27.6 million for the same period last year. We experienced increases in net sales in both our enterprise and specialty markets, including the wireless carrier market, in the first half of fiscal year 2022, compared to the same period last year. Net sales to customers inthe United States increased 22.0%, while net sales to customers outside ofthe United States decreased 15.0% in the first half of fiscal year 2022, compared to the same period last year. We can experience fluctuations in sales from quarter to quarter in the various markets in which we operate for various reasons. The decrease in net sales to customers outside ofthe United States during the first half of fiscal year 2022 compared to the same period last year was the result of certain specific larger projects for end-users outside ofthe United States being sold to customers inthe United States for value-added processing during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. Net sales to customers outside ofthe United States increased 5.7% in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to the same period last year. As demand for our products continued to increase during the first half of fiscal year 2022, our sales order backlog/forward load also continued to increase to higher than typical levels. Production volumes were tempered (which impacted net sales) during the first half of fiscal year 2022 by supply chain and labor constraints. At this time, we believe labor constraints are beginning to show signs of easing as we enter the third quarter of fiscal year 2022. We believe continuing direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have created challenges that are hampering production volumes and sales despite increasing demand. These include supply chain challenges (availability, increased lead times and increased costs) for certain raw materials, challenges recruiting additional personnel to increase production volumes, and other cost increases. We believe we have taken appropriate actions to mitigate the impact of these challenges, as well as necessarily implemented prospective price increase on new sales orders for many of our products. We also believe that we will continue to see a trend of improving demand for our products. To the extent the direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers, suppliers, workforce and end-users decline, we expect net sales to further increase. We are continuing to see some positive indicators of future strengthening in our markets and believe we will continue to benefit from improvement in our markets during the remaining six months of fiscal year 2022; however, such anticipated improvements could be negatively impacted by direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and macroeconomic and geopolitical risks. Gross Profit Our gross profit was$9.1 million in the first half of fiscal year 2022, an increase of 27.4% compared to gross profit of$7.1 million in the first half of fiscal year 2021. Gross profit margin increased to 28.7% in the first half of fiscal year 2022 compared to 25.8% in the first half of fiscal year 2021. Our gross profit margins tend to be higher when we achieve higher net sales levels due to our operating leverage, as certain fixed manufacturing costs are spread over higher sales. This operating leverage positively impacted our gross profit margin during the first half of fiscal year 2022, particularly during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. This positive impact during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 was partially offset by the impact of increasing costs of raw materials created by rapidly occurring inflation during the second quarter for sales orders accepted prior to raw material cost increases. Additionally, actions that we took in fiscal years 2020 and 2019 contributed to the increase in our gross profit margin in the first half of fiscal year 2022, resulting in an improved gross profit margin when compared to the first half of fiscal year 2021. Our gross profit margin percentages are also heavily dependent upon product mix on a quarterly basis and may vary based on changes in product mix from quarter to quarter. 24
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Selling, general and administrative expenses
SG&A expenses increased 10.3% to$9.8 million during the first half of fiscal year 2022, compared to$8.9 million for the same period last year. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales were 31.0% in the first half of fiscal year 2022, compared to 32.2% in the first half of fiscal year 2021. The increase in SG&A expenses during the first half of fiscal year 2022 compared to the same period last year was primarily the result of increases in employee and contracted sales personnel related costs totaling$537,000 . Included in employee and contracted sales personnel related costs are compensation costs which increased primarily due to commissions which increased due to the increase in commissionable sales during the first half of fiscal year 2022, new hires (net of terminations), increases in compensation expense (including increases in response to changing labor market conditions), accrued payroll taxes, and share-based compensation expense which increased due to the vesting of operational performance-based restricted stock during the first half of fiscal year 2022, all when compared to the first half of fiscal year 2021. Also contributing to the increase in SG&A expenses during the first half of fiscal year 2022 were increases in travel expenses, increases in shipping costs, and increases in marketing expenses. Both travel and marketing expenses increased due to the resumption of business travel during the first half of fiscal year 2022 post-COVID-19 restrictions, when compared to the same period last year.
Royalty revenue (expense), net
We recognized royalty expense, net of royalty income, totaling$14,000 during the first half of fiscal year 2022 compared to royalty income, net of royalty and related expenses, of$50,000 during the first half of fiscal year 2021. Royalty income and/or expense may fluctuate based on sales of related licensed products and estimates of amounts for non-licensed product sales, if any.
Amortization of intangible assets
We recognized
Other income (expenses), net
We recognized other expense, net in the first half of fiscal year 2022 of$382,000 , compared to other income, net of$3.0 million in the first half of fiscal year 2021. Other expense, net for the first half of fiscal year 2022 is comprised primarily of interest expense together with other miscellaneous items. The change in other expense, net during the first half of fiscal year 2022 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to the ERTC recognized as other income in the first half of fiscal year 2021. During the first half of fiscal year 2021, we qualified for a refundable payroll tax credit totaling$3.4 million . The ERTC, created in theMarch 2020 CARES Act and then subsequently amended by the Consolidated Appropriation Act ("CAA") of 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act ("ARPA") of 2021 and theInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ("IIJA") of 2021, is a refundable payroll credit for qualifying businesses keeping employees on their payroll during the COVID-19 pandemic. Under CAA, ARPA and IIJA amendments, employers can claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of social security tax equal to 70% of the qualified wages (including certain health care expenses) paid to employees afterDecember 31, 2020 throughSeptember 30, 2021 . Qualified wages were limited to$10,000 per employee per calendar quarter in 2021 so the maximum ERTC available was$7,000 per employee per calendar quarter. 25
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OCC is an eligible small employer under the gross receipts decline test when comparing the first calendar quarter of 2021 to the same quarter in calendar year 2019, which qualified the Company to claim ERTC in both the first and second calendar quarters of 2021 under the amended ERTC program.
Profit (loss) before income taxes
We reported a loss before income taxes of$1.2 million for the first half of fiscal year 2022, compared to income before income taxes of$1.2 million for the first half of fiscal year 2021. The change was primarily due to the ERTC of$3.4 million recognized during the first half of fiscal year 2021, but did not recur in the first half of fiscal year 2022, and the increase in SG&A expenses of$919,000 , partially offset by the increase in gross profit of$2.0 million .
Income tax expense (benefit)
Income tax expense totaled$8,000 in the first half of fiscal year 2022, compared to income tax benefit of$26,000 in the first half of fiscal year 2021. Our effective tax rate was less than negative one percent for the first half of fiscal year 2022 and negative 2.1% for the first half of fiscal year 2021. Fluctuations in our effective tax rates are primarily due to permanent differences inU.S. GAAP and tax accounting for various tax deductions and benefits, but can also be significantly different from the statutory tax rate when income or loss before taxes is at a level such that permanent differences inU.S. GAAP and tax accounting treatment have a disproportional impact on the projected effective tax rate. We previously established a valuation allowance against all of our net deferred tax assets. As a result of establishing a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets, if we generate sufficient taxable income in subsequent periods to realize a portion or all of our net deferred tax assets, our effective income tax rate could be unusually low due to the tax benefit attributable to the necessary decrease in our valuation allowance. Further, if we generate losses before taxes in subsequent periods, our effective income tax rate could also be unusually low as any increase in our net deferred tax asset from such a net operating loss for tax purposes would be offset by a corresponding increase to our valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets. If we generate sufficient income before taxes in subsequent periods such thatU.S. GAAP would permit us to conclude that the removal of any valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset is appropriate, then during the period in which such determination is made, we will recognize the non-cash benefit of such removal of the valuation allowance in income tax expense on our consolidated statement of operations, which will increase net income and will also increase the net deferred tax asset on our consolidated balance sheet. If we do not generate sufficient income before taxes in subsequent periods such thatU.S. GAAP would permit us to conclude that the reduction or removal of any valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset is appropriate, then no such non-cash benefit would be realized. There can be no assurance regarding any future realization of the benefit by us of all or part of our net deferred tax assets. As ofOctober 31, 2021 , the valuation allowance against our total gross deferred tax assets totaled$4.3 million . Net Income (Loss) Net loss for the first half of fiscal year 2022 was$1.2 million compared to net income of$1.2 million for the first half of fiscal year 2021. This change was primarily due to the decrease in income before income taxes of$2.4 million . 26
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Table of Contents Financial Condition Total assets increased$3.9 million , or 10.2%, to$41.8 million atApril 30, 2022 , from$37.9 million atOctober 31, 2021 . This increase was primarily due to a$2.3 million increase in inventories largely as the result of the timing of certain raw material purchases and a$2.2 million increase in trade accounts receivable, net, resulting from the increase in net sales in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 when compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021. Total liabilities increased$4.9 million , or 31.1%, to$20.6 million atApril 30, 2022 , from$15.7 million atOctober 31, 2021 . The increase in total liabilities was primarily due to net borrowings on our Revolver totaling$3.6 million and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses totaling$2.0 million primarily resulting from the timing of raw material purchases and certain vendor payments. Total shareholders' equity atApril 30, 2022 decreased$1.0 million in the first half of fiscal year 2022. The decrease resulted from a net loss of$1.2 million , partially offset by share-based compensation, net of$133,000 .
Cash and capital resources
Our primary capital requirements have been to fund working capital requirements, make payments on our Revolver, and make principal payments on long-term debt. Our primary source of capital for these purposes has been existing cash, cash provided from operations and borrowings under our Revolver (see “Credit Facilities” below).
Our cash totaled$239,000 as ofApril 30, 2022 , an increase of$107,000 compared to$132,000 as ofOctober 31, 2021 . The increase in cash for the six months endedApril 30, 2022 primarily resulted from net cash provided by financing activities of$3.2 million , partially offset by capital expenditures totaling$100,000 and cash used in operating activities of$3.0 million . OnApril 30, 2022 , we had working capital of$23.6 million compared to$21.4 million onOctober 31, 2021 . The ratio of current assets to current liabilities as ofApril 30, 2022 was 3.8 to 1.0 compared to 4.5 to 1.0 as ofOctober 31, 2021 . The increase in working capital was primarily due to the increase in inventories of$2.3 million and the increase in trade accounts receivable, net of$2.2 million , partially offset by the$2.0 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses. The decrease in the current ratio was primarily due to the fact that current assets increased$4.5 million , or 16.3%, while current liabilities increased$2.3 million , or 36.7%. As ofApril 30, 2022 andOctober 31, 2021 , we had outstanding loan balances under our Revolver totaling$7.0 million and$3.5 million , respectively. As ofApril 30, 2022 andOctober 31, 2021 , we had outstanding loan balances, excluding our Revolver, totaling$4.7 million and$4.9 million , respectively.Net Cash Net cash used in operating activities was$3.0 million in the first half of fiscal year 2022, compared to$392,000 for the first half of fiscal year 2021. Net cash used in operating activities during the first half of fiscal year 2022 primarily resulted from an increase in inventories totaling$2.3 million and the cash flow impact of increases in trade accounts receivable, net totaling$2.2 million , partially offset by certain adjustments to reconcile a net loss of$1.2 million to net cash used in operating activities including depreciation and amortization of$569,000 and share-based compensation expense of$238,000 . Additionally, the cash flow impact of increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of$1.9 million further contributed to offset net cash used in operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities during the first half of fiscal year 2021 primarily resulted from an increase in other receivables totaling$3.4 million and the cash flow impact of increases in trade accounts receivable, net totaling$1.1 million , partially offset by certain adjustments to reconcile net income of$1.2 million to net cash used in operating activities including depreciation and amortization of$641,000 and share-based compensation expense of$142,000 . Additionally, the cash flow impact of increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of$1.5 million further contributed to offset net cash used in operating activities. 27
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Net cash used in investing activities totaled$112,000 in the first half of fiscal year 2022, compared to$105,000 in the first half of fiscal year 2021. Net cash used in investing activities during the first half of fiscal years 2022 and 2021 resulted primarily from purchases of property and equipment and deposits for the purchase of property and equipment. Net cash provided by financing activities totaled$3.2 million for the first half of fiscal year 2022, compared to$717,000 in the first half of fiscal year 2021. Net cash provided by financing activities in the first half of fiscal year 2022 resulted primarily from net proceeds on our revolving line of credit totaling$3.6 million , partially offset by principal payments on long-term debt totaling$161,000 . Net cash provided by financing activities in the first half of fiscal year 2021 resulted primarily from net proceeds on our revolving line of credit totaling$948,000 , partially offset by principal payments on long-term debt totaling$181,000 . OnJuly 14, 2015 , our Board of Directors approved a plan to purchase and retire up to 400,000 shares of our common stock, or approximately 6.0% of the shares then outstanding (the "Repurchase Plan"). When the Repurchase Plan was approved, we had anticipated that the purchases would be made over a 24- to 36-month period, but there was no definite time period for repurchase or plan expiration. As ofApril 30, 2022 , we had 398,400 shares remaining to purchase under this Repurchase Plan, and we have made no specific determination whether and over what period these shares may or may not be purchased. Until future notice, we continue to have no current plans to repurchase and retire our common stock and have suspended the Repurchase Plan. Credit Facilities We have credit facilities consisting of a real estate term loan, as amended and restated (the "Virginia Real Estate Loan"), a supplemental real estate term loan, as amended and restated (the "NorthCarolina Real Estate Loan") and a Revolving Credit Master Promissory Note and related agreements (collectively, the "Revolver"). Both the Virginia Real Estate Loan and the NorthCarolina Real Estate Loan are with Northeast Bank, have a fixed interest rate of 3.95% and are secured by a first lien deed of trust on the Company's real property. Our Revolver withNorth Mill Capital LLC (now doing business as SLR Business Credit, "SLR") provides us with one or more advances in an amount up to: (a) 85% of the aggregate outstanding amount of eligible accounts (the "eligible accounts loan value"); plus (b) the lowest of (i) an amount up to 35% of the aggregate value of eligible inventory, (ii)$5.0 million , and (iii) an amount not to exceed 100% of the then outstanding eligible accounts loan value; minus (c) $1.5 million. The maximum aggregate principal amount subject to the Revolver is$18.0 million . Interest accrues on the daily balance at the per annum rate of 1.5% above the Prime Rate in effect from time to time, but not less than 4.75% (the "Applicable Rate"). In the event of a default, interest may become 6.0% above the Applicable Rate. As ofApril 30, 2022 , the Revolver accrued interest at the prime lending rate plus 1.5% (resulting in a 5.0% rate atApril 30, 2022 ). The initial term of the Revolver is three years, with a termination date ofJuly 24, 2023 . After the initial term and unless otherwise terminated, the loan may be extended in one year periods subject to the agreement of SLR. 28
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The Revolver is secured by all of the following assets: properties, rights and interests in property of the Company whether now owned or existing, or hereafter acquired or arising, and wherever located; all accounts, equipment, commercial tort claims, general intangibles, chattel paper, inventory, negotiable collateral, investment property, financial assets, letter-of-credit rights, supporting obligations, deposit accounts, money or assets of the Company, which hereafter come into the possession, custody, or control of SLR; all proceeds and products, whether tangible or intangible, of any of the foregoing, including proceeds of insurance covering any or all of the foregoing; any and all tangible or intangible property resulting from the sale, lease, license or other disposition of any of the foregoing, or any portion thereof or interest therein, and all proceeds thereof; and any other assets of the Company which may be subject to a lien in favor of SLR as security for the obligations under the Loan Agreement.
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Capital Expenditures We did not have any material commitments for capital expenditures as ofApril 30, 2022 . During our 2022 fiscal year budgeting process, we included an estimate for capital expenditures of$1.5 million for the year. We anticipate these expenditures, to the extent made, will be funded out of our working capital, cash provided by operations or borrowings under our Revolver, as appropriate. Capital expenditures are reviewed and approved based on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, current cash flow considerations, the expected return on investment, project priorities, impact on current or future product offerings, availability of personnel necessary to implement and begin using acquired equipment, and economic conditions in general. Additionally, capital expenditures above$750,000 would require approval from our lender.
Business acquisitions and other strategic investments, if any, are considered outside of our annual capital expenditure budgeting process.
Future Cash Flow Considerations
We believe that our future cash flow from operations, our cash on hand and our existing credit facilities will be adequate to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months. From time to time, we are involved in various claims, legal actions and regulatory reviews arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Seasonality We typically expect net sales to be relatively lower in the first half of each fiscal year and relatively higher in the second half of each fiscal year, and excluding other volatility, we would normally expect 48% of total net sales to occur during the first half of a fiscal year and 52% of total net sales to occur during the second half of a fiscal year. We believe this historical seasonality pattern is generally indicative of an overall trend and reflective of the buying patterns and budgetary considerations of our customers. However, this pattern may be substantially altered during any quarter or year based on a variety of factors. While we believe seasonality may be a factor that impacts our quarterly net sales results, particularly when excluding the volatility of sales in the wireless carrier market and the volatility of the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are not able to reliably predict the effects of seasonality on net sales because these other factors can also substantially impact our net sales patterns during the year. 29
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Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying condensed notes that have been prepared in accordance withU.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10Q and Regulation SX. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements filed with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2021 provides a summary of our significant accounting policies. Those significant accounting policies detailed in our fiscal year 2021 Form 10-K did not change during the period fromNovember 1, 2021 throughApril 30, 2022 . New Accounting Standards There are no new accounting standards issued, but not yet adopted by us, which are expected to be applicable to our financial position, operating results or financial statement disclosures. 30
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